Expressing Time

To express time we use: when , after , before , until, as soon 

as.

There are two actions in the past : the first action takes the past 

perfect (had + past participle ) and the second action takes the

simple past.

Example:

a- I go to may friends birthday.

b- I buy the present .

- i had bought the present before i went to my friend's birthday.

a- The judge announce the decision .

b- He hears all the witnesses.

- the judge did not announce the decision until he had heard all

the witnesses.