Narratology

In literature,  Narratology is an approach that came as a 

continuation to structuralism.its interest is narration , 

cultural phenomenon , novels, poems, short stories....in short 

it deals with every thing that tell us a story.This approach used 

to analyse, understand through structuralist methods and 

techniques to know how stories are told and how meaning is 

produced .

One of the famous figures of this approach is Roland Barthes 

.his famous book is Introduction to the structural analysis of 

narrative published in 1977.an important idea 

for narratologists is function, it refers to statements in 

narratives.every statement in a novel has at least one function 

which means one action. An action has two types :either it is 

cardinal or catalysers.cardinal refers to the important action or 

actions in the narration while catalysers refers to the less 

important action.